• It is well known that acrolein a metabolite

  2020-01-20

  

  It is well known that acrolein, a metabolite of cyclophosphamide, is responsible for the cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis, and that acrolein is capable of activating TRPA1 channels expressed in the capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents [2], [11]. In this context, it is likely that the early phase o

• br Activatable photoacoustic probes Photoacoustic PA imaging

  2020-01-20

  

  Activatable photoacoustic probes Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a recently developed technique [47]. The imaging approach uses probes that absorb a pulsed laser beam and convert light energy into acoustic signals. It combines the advantages of the high sensitivity offered by optical imaging and th

• To further confirm the roles of the CYP enzymes

  2020-01-20

  

  To further confirm the roles of the CYP450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of Dip in rat liver microsomes, we utilized not only chemical inhibitors but also a correlation analysis and a panel of recombinant rat CYP450 enzymes to evaluate the contribution of CYP450 enzymes. The results of the corr

• WNV a member of the genus Flavivirus

  2020-01-20

  

  WNV, a member of the genus Flavivirus within the family Flaviviridae, was first isolated in 1937 from a febrile woman in the West Nile region of Uganda (Brinton, 2002). Until 1999, WNV was mainly confined to Southern Europe, the Middle East, Africa, West and Central Asia, Indonesia and Australia. In

• VO-Ohpic trihydrate br Authors contribution br Disclosure st

  2020-01-20

  

  Authors contribution Disclosure statement Acknowledgements This study has received funding from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (PRIN 2015, grant number 2015373Z39_008) and from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 115797 (INNODIA)

• Except for S adenosylmethionine SAM Fig sources of endogenou

  2020-01-20

  

  Except for S-adenosylmethionine (SAM, Fig. 1), sources of endogenous DNA alkylation are not well defined. Other possible sources include nitroso compounds related to the well known mutagen methylnitrosourea which are generated in vitro by nitrosation of cellular amines including amino acids, protein

• Given the structural similarity of BMAA to other amino

  2020-01-20

  

  Given the structural similarity of BMAA to other amino acids, our hypothesis was that N-nitrosation of BMAA might result in a toxic alkylating agent, providing a previously unrecognised mechanism for BMAA action. Materials and methods Results and discussion We first examined whether chemical

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Lung

  2020-01-20

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Lung cancer treatment strategies, especially molecular targeted therapy, have progressed rapidly. However, most established treatments are for adenocarcinoma of the lung, not for squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC). SQCC constitutes approximately 30% of lung cancers, w

• Diclofenac ibuprofen and meloxicam are considered among

  2020-01-20

  

  Diclofenac, ibuprofen, and meloxicam are considered among the most commonly used NSAIDs in many countries [4]. Cardiovascular events were reported with these NSAIDs in several clinical studies. In this study, we provide novel information that diclofenac and ibuprofen altered gene expression and may

• It is generally thought that

  2020-01-20

  

  It is generally thought that the nature of a memorial and the meaning attributed to it rat 4 by a tourist determines, at least in part, the behaviour that is socially appropriate (Mayo, 1988). Duncan (1995) argues however, that certain places are structured in such a way that they facilitate ritual

• Enzyme mimics belong to a type of rising catalysts

  2020-01-19

  

  Enzyme mimics belong to a type of rising catalysts which show the similar function with their corresponding natural enzymes [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], although their structures are different from natural enzymes. In the area of prodrug activation, the widely-used enzyme mimics a

• br Genes involved in oxysterol metabolism The main enzymes

  2020-01-19

  

  Genes involved in oxysterol metabolism The main enzymes that participate in the metabolism of oxysterols generally belong into one of two groups: transferases or oxidoreductases [22]. The following chapter describes those genes of oxysterol metabolism whose polymorphisms have been associated with

• In this study we examined a possible association between

  2020-01-19

  

  In this study, we examined a possible association between the 19-bp AS8351 and the 9-bp repeat in the DHFR gene and the risk of spina bifida in 121 mothers of a spina bifida affected child, 292 control women, 109 spina bifida patients and 234 pediatric controls using a case-control design. Furtherm

• BGP-15 As for antiviral activity eight out

  2020-01-19

  

  As for antiviral activity, eight out of 23 synthesized compounds were active against influenza B virus with EC50 values in the range of 0.19–39 μM. Four of the eight influenza B hits were active against influenza A and two were also active against RSV (4 and 6, EC50 = 0.40 and 1.8 μM, respectively).

• Besides the regulation of the stress responses CRF and

  2020-01-19

  

  Besides the regulation of the stress responses, CRF and the urocortins have been implicated in drug addiction (Bruijnzeel and Gold, 2005, Sarnyai et al., 2001). For instance nicotine, the addictive substance of tobacco, can activate the HPA axis, just like any other stressor may do, although its imp

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