• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2019-08-29

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In addition, the responses of CYP450s induced by metalaxyl are species-specific in the four cells. For example, metalaxyl lead to induction of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2B1 in HepG2 cells, CYP1A2 and CYP2B1 in H4IIE cells, CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 in LMH cells

• Dysfunction of the ubiquitin proteasome

  2019-08-29

  

  Dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system causes abnormal organelle morphology and impairs sperm formation and maturation steps resulting in male infertility [[7], [8], [9]]; this indicates that ubiquitination is essential for spermatogenesis and sperm function during fertilization. β-catenin i

• Mother rats acutely treated with quinpirole and mg kg decrea

  2019-08-29

  

  Mother rats acutely treated with quinpirole (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) decreased the pup exploration time but increased the object exploration, so they showed a significantly lower pup preference ratio. They also showed impaired maternal performance in the home cage, consistent with our previous study (Zha

• Recently several Pt IV complexes as prodrugs have

  2019-08-28

  

  Recently, several Pt(IV) complexes as prodrugs have been designed and studied to enhance anti-tumor efficacy of traditional Pt(II) drugs, improving their cellular uptake and blood-circulation time [26], [27], [28], [29]. Compared with their Pt(II) counterparts, six-coordinated Pt(IV) complexes with

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgement Grant support Ministry of

  2019-08-28

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgement Grant support: Ministry of Health (n. of grant: RBAP10447J_004 to N. Baldini), Italian Association for Cancer Research (n. of grant: 11426 to N. Baldini). Introduction Ewing sarcomas (ES) and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are related childhood tumors.

• The requirement for two distinct signalling pathways for

  2019-08-28

  

  The requirement for two distinct signalling pathways for cAMP-induced growth arrest likely represents an important mechanism allowing VSMC to finely modulate their cellular responses to cAMP-elevating stimuli. Our data demonstrates for the first time that activation of both pathways in VSMC results

• The glycolytic pathway is a

  2019-08-28

  

  The glycolytic pathway is a catabolic route that ends with the synthesis of pyruvate (Pyr). In Arabidopsis embryos, the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to Pyr, catalyzed by pyruvate kinase (PK), is mainly located in the plastids [10], [11]. The preceding reaction is catalyzed by enolase (ENO

• In conclusion our results provide a new mechanistic

  2019-08-28

  

  In conclusion, our results provide a new mechanistic insight into the signaling pathways mediating TDCIPP-induced apoptosis in cultured neuronal cells. We showed that TDCIPP-induced neuronal cell cytotoxicity and death are mediated via the ER stress-regulated apoptotic pathway, wherein the induction

• Concerning family A GPCRs although it has been described tha

  2019-08-28

  

  Concerning family A GPCRs, although it has been described that several receptors are able to operate as monomers (Arcemisbéhère et al., 2010; Bayburt et al., 2011; Chabre & le Maire, 2005; Ernst, Gramse, Kolbe, Hofmann, & Heck, 2007; Hanson et al., 2007; Kuszak et al., 2009; Whorton et al., 2007),

• As mentioned above there are two

  2019-08-28

  

  As mentioned above, there are two major pathways for the DSB repair in mammalian cells, NHEJ and HR/HDR (homology-directed repair) [13], [51]. NHEJ is active throughout the cell cycle, predominately during the G0 and G1 phases and is considered the major pathway for the DSB repair in human cells [52

• br Conflict of Interest br

  2019-08-28

  

  Conflict of Interest Acknowledgements Marques F. was supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal, Grant UMINHO/BI/35/2012. This work was supported by FCT by the Project PTDC/AGR-AAM/70418/2006. Introduction β-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) exposure has long been as

• The outcome of DGK function

  2019-08-28

  

  The outcome of DGK function will thus depend on the binding partners of each DGK isoform, and the effects that they exert can be quite different. A clear example of this concept has been demonstrated for the type IV DGKs, ζ and ι, which are structurally very similar but have opposing effects on Ras

• Preparation of the regioisomeric pyridooxazepinones and was

  2019-08-28

  

  Preparation of the regioisomeric pyridooxazepinones 10 and 11 was accomplished utilizing the synthetic sequence depicted in Scheme 3. Amide coupling of 63 and Tianeptine sodium chloride 64 afforded amide 65. Removal of the alcohol protecting group, followed by base catalyzed cyclization afforded a 1

• The cysteinyl leukotrienes cysLTs LTC

  2019-08-28

  

  The cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) LTC, LTD, and LTE are increased in the airways of asthmatic subjects, with the ability to induce bronchoconstriction, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion., , , , CysLTs are well established as mediators of allergic rhinitis and asthma on the basis of the e

• We note that there are slight qualitative differences among

  2019-08-28

  

  We note that there are slight qualitative differences among the similar time-optimal protocols. We attribute this to the challenging nature of our PDE and ODE state constrained optimization problem. While our optimization algorithm was able to converge to local optima in each case, it is likely that

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